Background Prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity has increased considerably in
recent years. The transition to higher rates of overweight/obesity has been well documented …

Objective It has been suggested that overweight/obesity (OW/OB) impairs the normal
alignment of children and adolescents' musculoskeletal system. However, to date, no study …

The lower limbs of children aged 3–9 years present varying knock-knee deformities that
have a direct impact on the diversification of the load-bearing axis of the valgus limb and on …

Background Observational studies have shown that childhood obesity is associated with
adult bone health but yield inconsistent results. We aimed to explore the potential causal …

Purpose Physiological range of tibiofemoral angle (TFA) is poorly defined and may lead to
unnecessary therapeutic interventions. Studies on TFA developmental pattern suggest that …

Abstract Background/Aims: To determine i) whether obesity in childhood can be related to
malalignment of the distal extremities, ii) the proportion of genu valgum malalignment and …

Background Lower limb deformities could affect child's quality of life and may worsen with
time. This work aims to study the prevalence of lower limb deformities among primary school …

Profile data on normal lower limb development and specifically tibiofemoral angle
development in black, Setswana-speaking South African children are lacking. This study …

ABSTRACT… Pes planus (flat foot) is a musculoskeletal abnormality of lower limb, often
associated with some degree of malalignment at the knee ie genu valgum (knock knees). In …

Background: Angular deformities of the lower limbs are commonly encountered deformities
in pediatric orthopedic clinics. The values of the tibiofemoral angle undergoes changes as …