Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive disorder characterized by dopaminergic
neurodegeneration in the brain. The development of parkinsonism is preceded by a long …

Importance Imaging biomarkers in Parkinson disease (PD) are increasingly important for
monitoring progression in clinical trials and also have the potential to improve clinical care …

Brain iron homeostasis is maintained through the normal function of blood–brain barrier and
iron regulation at the systemic and cellular levels, which is fundamental to normal brain …

In Parkinson's disease, there is a progressive reduction in striatal dopaminergic function,
and loss of neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic neurons and increased iron deposition …

There might be more than 10 million confirmed cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) worldwide
by 2040. However, the pathogenesis of PD is still unclear. Host health is closely related to …

Disruptions to dopamine and noradrenergic neurotransmission are noted in several
neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Neuromelanin-sensitive (NM)-MRI offers a …

Abstract Changes in dopaminergic neuromodulation play a key role in adult memory
decline. Recent research has also implicated noradrenaline in shaping late-life memory …

A major goal of current clinical research in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the validation and
standardization of biomarkers enabling early diagnosis, predicting outcomes, understanding …

The recent validation of the α-synuclein seed amplification assay as a biomarker with high
sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease has formed the backbone …

Abstract Background In Parkinson's disease (PD), neurophysiological abnormalities within
the primary motor cortex (M1) have been shown to contribute to bradykinesia, but exact …