Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality,
underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular …

Abstract The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK signalling pathway is hyperactivated in a high
percentage of tumours, most frequently owing to activating mutations of the KRAS, NRAS …

We previously piloted the concept of a Connectivity Map (CMap), whereby genes, drugs,
and disease states are connected by virtue of common gene-expression signatures. Here …

The discovery that a subset of human tumours is dependent on mutationally deregulated
BRAF kinase intensified the development of RAF inhibitors to be used as potential …

Purpose: Multiple BRAF inhibitor resistance mechanisms have been described, however,
their relative frequency, clinical correlates, and effect on subsequent therapy have not been …

One-third of BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma patients treated with combined BRAF and
MEK inhibition progress within 6 months. Treatment options for these patients remain …

The identification of driver mutations in melanoma has changed the field of cancer treatment.
BRAF and NRAS mutations are predominant in melanoma and lead to overactivation of the …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is associated with tumor
cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The …

Over the past few years melanoma incidence has been rising steadily, resulting in an
increase in melanoma related mortality. Until recently, therapeutic options for metastatic …

BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib achieved improved overall survival over
chemotherapy and have been approved for the treatment of BRAF-mutated metastatic …