Tumour-associated macrophages are an essential component of the tumour
microenvironment and have a role in the orchestration of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain tumor in adults.
Currently, the standard treatment of glioblastoma includes surgery, radiotherapy, and …

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the deadliest types of cancer and highly refractory to
chemoradiation and immunotherapy. One of the main reasons for this resistance to therapy …

Tissue-resident macrophages are present in most tissues with developmental, self-renewal,
or functional attributes that do not easily fit into a textbook picture of a plastic and …

CNS-resident macrophages—including parenchymal microglia and border-associated
macrophages (BAMs)—contribute to neuronal development and health, vascularization, and …

Exosomes, the cell-derived small extracellular vehicles, play a vital role in intracellular
communication by reciprocally transporting DNA, RNA, bioactive protein, chains of glucose …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most malignant tumors, is characterized by its
stubborn immunosuppressive microenvironment. As one of the main members of the tumor …

Despite aggressive multimodal treatment, glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV primary brain
tumor, still portends a poor prognosis with a median overall survival of 12–16 months. The …

The symbiotic interactions between cancer stem cells and the tumor microenvironment
(TME) are critical for tumor progression. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this …

Background: Chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is overexpressed in various types of
tumors, especially in glioma, and contributes to tumor progression. However, the definite …