Objective: The aim was to update the guidelines for the management of thyroid dysfunction
during pregnancy and postpartum published previously in 2007. A summary of changes …

Purpose We herein aimed to review the new insights into the impact of impaired thyroid
function on male and female fertility, spacing from spontaneous pregnancy to ART, with the …

Background: Thyroid disease in pregnancy is a common clinical problem. Since the
guidelines for the management of these disorders by the American Thyroid Association …

This guideline has been produced as the official statement of the European Thyroid
Association guideline committee. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in pregnancy is defined …

Pregnancy has a profound impact on the thyroid gland and thyroid function. The gland
increases 10% in size during pregnancy in iodine-replete countries and by 20%–40% in …

Background: Increasing data suggest that subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and thyroid
autoimmunity (TAI) are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but there are limited …

There is controversy regarding whether to treat subtle abnormalities of thyroid dysfunction in
the infertile female patient. This guideline document reviews the risks and benefits of treating …

Miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a fetus before it is viable, occurring at a rate of 15–
20%. Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) or habitual miscarriage is defined as repeated …

The definitions of miscarriage and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) are important to review
because they vary within the literature and clinical teaching. Classically, RPL is defined as 3 …

Autoantibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase are common in the euthyroid
population and are considered secondary responses and indicative of thyroid inflammation …