Heart failure is a consequence of various cardiovascular diseases and associated with poor
prognosis. Despite progress in the treatment of heart failure in the past decades, prevalence …

Sildenafil, approved two decades ago, is the inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5). First
of all, it was designated for angina pectoris, but soon it showed a wonderful efficacy in …

Failure of the right ventricle plays a critical role in any type of heart failure. However, the
mechanism remains unclear, and there is no specific therapy. Here, we show that the right …

Inflammation and immune processes underlie pulmonary hypertension progression. Two
main different activated phenotypes of macrophages, classically activated M1 macrophages …

Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is pivotal in cellular signalling, regulating cyclic
guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels crucial for smooth muscle relaxation and …

Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently have erectile dysfunction (ED)
because the two conditions have similar risk factors and potential mechanisms. The …

Data is lacking on the effect of continuous intravenous sildenafil treatment in preterm infants
with early pulmonary hypertension (PH), especially in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants …

Abstract Background Activation of Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is
established as a central intracellular trigger for various cardiac pathologies such as …

Objective This study investigated effects of zaprinast and avanafil on angiogenesis, vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenic protein (BMP) 2, 4 and 7. Methods …

Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5i) are the first-line treatment for erectile
dysfunction and are also used to treat pulmonary hypertension. PDE5i impedes the …