Introduction: The gastrointestinal mucosa constitutes a critical barrier where millions of
microbes and environmental antigens come in close contact with the host immune system …

Stunting is common in young children in developing countries, and is associated with
increased morbidity, developmental delays, and mortality. Its complex pathogenesis likely …

Vitamin A has diverse biological functions. It is transported in the blood as a complex with
retinol binding protein (RBP), but the molecular mechanism by which vitamin A is absorbed …

Malnutrition is a major contributor to mortality and is increasingly recognized as a cause of
potentially lifelong functional disability. Yet, a rate-limiting step in achieving normal nutrition …

Lack of adequate macronutrients or selected micronutrients, especially zinc, selenium, iron,
and the antioxidant vitamins, can lead to clinically significant immune deficiency and …

An increasing recognition has emerged of the complexities of the global health agenda—
specifically, the collision of infections and noncommunicable diseases and the dual burden …

Changes in small bowel function early in infancy in developing countries are increasingly
being demonstrated, probably accompanied by altered mucosal architecture in most …

Environmental stressors can promote the vulnerability of animals to infections; it is therefore,
essential to understand how stressors affect the immune system, the adaptive capacity of …

Hypotheses regarding the developmental origins of health and disease postulate that
developing fetuses–and potentially young children–undergo adaptive epigenetic changes …

Childhood gut dysfunction (enteropathy) is common in resource-poor environments.
Stunting is its presumed major consequence. Identification of biomarkers of gut dysfunction …