The present model outlines the mechanisms underlying habitual control of responding and
the ways in which habits interface with goals. Habits emerge from the gradual learning of …

Several theoretical views of automaticity are discussed. Most of these suggest that
automaticity should be diagnosed by looking at the presence of features such as …

Discovery learning approaches to education have recently come under scrutiny (Tobias &
Duffy, 2009), with many studies indicating limitations to discovery learning practices …

Insight denotes a mental restructuring that leads to a sudden gain of explicit knowledge
allowing qualitatively changed behaviour,. Anecdotal reports on scientific discovery suggest …

Can we learn without awareness? While the current consensus is most likely to beno', there
is, however, considerable ongoing debate about the role that consciousness plays in …

The function of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep is still unknown. One prevailing
hypothesis suggests that REM sleep is important in processing memory traces. Here, using …

This article reviews three types of measures which have been widely used in psychological
research to assess the conscious or unconscious status of knowledge: retrospective verbal …

Can we learn without awareness? Although this issue has been extensively explored
through studies of implicit learning, there is currently no agreement about the extent to which …

Learning and memory of novel spatial configurations aids behaviors such as visual search
through an implicit process called contextual cuing (MM Chun & Y. Jiang, 1998). The …

Although the study of implicit learning is nothing new, the field as a whole has come to
embody—over the last decade or so—ongoing questioning about three of the most …