The concept of a digital twin of Earth envisages the convergence of Big Earth Data with
physics-based models in an interactive computational framework that enables monitoring …

Approximately 10 years ago, convection‐permitting regional climate models (CPRCMs)
emerged as a promising computationally affordable tool to produce fine resolution (1–4 km) …

Computational science is crucial for delivering reliable weather and climate predictions.
However, despite decades of high-performance computing experience, there is serious …

Current global climate models struggle to represent precipitation and related extreme
events, with serious implications for the physical evidence base to support climate actions. A …

Wind energy is a virtually carbon-free and pollution-free electricity source, with global wind
resources greatly exceeding electricity demand. Accordingly, the installed capacity of wind …

In the atmosphere, microphysics refers to the microscale processes that affect cloud and
precipitation particles and is a key linkage among the various components of Earth's …

Two decades of high-resolution satellite observations and climate modeling studies have
indicated strong ocean–atmosphere coupled feedback mediated by ocean mesoscale …

General circulation models (GCMs) are the foundation of weather and climate prediction 1,
2. GCMs are physics-based simulators that combine a numerical solver for large-scale …

Global climate models represent small-scale processes such as convection using subgrid
models known as parameterizations, and these parameterizations contribute substantially to …

Predictions of the Earth system, such as weather forecasts and climate projections, require
models informed by observations at many levels. Some methods for integrating models and …