Natural photosynthesis is an efficient biochemical process which converts solar energy into
energy-rich carbohydrates. By understanding the key photoelectrochemical processes and …

With the advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), new, high-throughput serial
crystallography techniques for macromolecular structure determination have emerged …

In natural photosynthesis, the light-driven splitting of water into electrons, protons and
molecular oxygen forms the first step of the solar-to-chemical energy conversion process …

Photosynthesis fuels life on Earth by storing solar energy in chemical form. Today's oxygen-
rich atmosphere has resulted from the splitting of water at the protein-bound manganese …

Photosynthetic water oxidation by Photosystem II (PSII) is a fascinating process because it
sustains life on Earth and serves as a blue print for scalable synthetic catalysts required for …

High-valent metal–oxo species with multiply-bonded M–O groups have been proposed as
key intermediates in many biological and abiological catalytic oxidation reactions. These …

As a result of the adaptation of life to an aerobic environment, nature has evolved a panoply
of metalloproteins for oxidative metabolism and protection against reactive oxygen species …

Inspired by the period-four oscillation in flash-induced oxygen evolution of photosystem II
discovered by Joliot in 1969, Kok performed additional experiments and proposed a five …

BACKGROUND Conformational changes are essential for the correct functioning of
biological macromolecules. Time-resolved x-ray crystallography extends an extremely …

The four-electron oxidation of water (2H2O→ O2+ 4H++ 4e−) is considered the main
bottleneck in artificial photosynthesis. In nature, this reaction is catalysed by a Mn4CaO5 …