The concept of cell signaling in the context of nonenzyme-assisted protein modifications by
reactive electrophilic and oxidative species, broadly known as redox signaling, is a uniquely …

The biomolecule is among the most important building blocks of biological systems, and a
full understanding of its function forms the scaffold for describing the mechanisms of higher …

A growing number of biological, soft, and active matter systems are observed to exhibit
normal diffusive dynamics with a linear growth of the mean-squared displacement, yet with a …

Biomembranes are exceptionally crowded with proteins with typical protein-to-lipid ratios
being around 1∶ 50− 1∶ 100. Protein crowding has a decisive role in lateral membrane …

Lipofectamine reagents are widely accepted as “gold-standard” for the safe delivery of
exogenous DNA or RNA into cells. Despite this, a satisfactory mechanism-based …

We provide a strategy for the exact inference of the average as well as the fluctuations of the
entropy production in nonequilibrium systems in the steady state, from the measurements of …

Macromolecular crowding affects the mobility of biomolecules, protein folding and stability,
and the association of macromolecules with each other. Local differences in crowding that …

Mathematical models are routinely calibrated to experimental data, with goals ranging from
building predictive models to quantifying parameters that cannot be measured. Whether or …

The diffusivity of macromolecules in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells varies over orders of
magnitude and dictates the kinetics of cellular processes. However, a general description …

Anomalous-diffusion, the departure of the spreading dynamics of diffusing particles from the
traditional law of Brownian-motion, is a signature feature of a large number of complex soft …