Neuroinflammation is initiated when glial cells, mainly microglia, are activated by threats to
the neural environment, such as pathogen infiltration or neuronal injury. Although …

Abstract Treatment in medical oncology is gradually shifting from the use of nonspecific
chemotherapeutic agents toward an era of novel targeted therapy in which drugs and their …

In the 1950s, the drug thalidomide, administered as a sedative to pregnant women, led to
the birth of thousands of children with multiple defects. Despite the teratogenicity of …

Thalidomide and its derivatives, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, are immune modulatory
drugs (IMiDs) used in the treatment of haematologic malignancies,. IMiDs bind CRBN, the …

Many cancers show primary or acquired drug resistance due to the overexpression of efflux
pumps. A novel mechanism to circumvent this is to integrate drugs, such as anthracycline …

The mTOR pathway plays a central role in many cellular processes, such as cellular growth,
protein synthesis, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Aberrant regulation of mTOR is a hallmark …

The frequent occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) conferred by the overexpression of
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 in cancer cells remains a …

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant neoplastic cancer of the plasma cells that involves the
bone marrow. The majority of patients with MM initially respond to chemotherapy, but they …

Lenalidomide is a lead therapeutic in multiple myeloma and deletion 5q myelodysplastic
syndromes and shows promising activities in other hematologic malignancies. This article …

Persistence of chemoresistant minimal residual disease (MRD) plasma cells (PCs) is
associated with inferior survival in multiple myeloma (MM). Thus, characterization of the …