Over a hundred years later, the classic antenna, first invented by Heinrich Hertz, in 1888,, is
still the dominant technology used for the measurement of RF fields. Just seven years after …

Microwave sensing offers important applications in areas such as data communication and
remote sensing. It has thus received much attention from academia, industry, and …

Highly sensitive phase-and frequency-resolved detection of microwave electric fields is of
central importance in a wide range of fields, including cosmology,, meteorology …

Recognition of multifrequency microwave (MW) electric fields is challenging because of the
complex interference of multifrequency fields in practical applications. Rydberg atom-based …

Rydberg atoms, with one highly excited, nearly ionized electron, have extreme sensitivity to
electric fields, including microwave fields ranging from 100 MHz to over 1 THz. Here, we …

Up to now, the measurement of radio-frequency (RF) electric field achieved using the
electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) of Rydberg atoms has proved to be of high …

This tutorial introduces the theoretical and experimental basics of electromagnetically
induced transparency (EIT) in thermal alkali vapors. We first give a brief phenomenological …

Rydberg atoms have been used for measuring radio-frequency (RF) electric (E)-fields due to
their strong dipole moments over the frequency range of 500 MHz-1 THz. For this …

We present a theoretical and experimental investigation of the improvement and
determination of the sensitivity of Rydberg atom-based microwave RF sensor. An optical …

We demonstrate improved sensitivity of Rydberg electrometry based on electromagnetically
induced transparency (EIT) with a ground state repumping laser. Though there are many …