Method: This systematic review identified relevant studies from the following sources:
Medline, Cochrane database, cross referencing from identified articles, conference abstracts …

Aims This article presents a meta‐ethnographic synthesis of studies on women's
experiences of sustaining a third or fourth degree tear during childbirth. Background It has …

Objectives To assess risk factors and outcome of different grades of obstetric anal sphincter
injuries (OASIS) after primary repair, and to assess the relationship between outcome of …

Background: Anal incontinence is an embarrassing condition that is largely underreported.
Obstetric anal sphincter injuries are the major etiological factor. Recognition of risk factors …

Background Literature reports that the psychological impact for women following severe
perineal trauma is extensive and complex, however there is a paucity of research reporting …

Aim To determine rates and risk factors for third and fourth degree perineal tears (severe
perineal trauma) in a Western Australian context. Design and setting A retrospective hospital …

Vaginal birth may result in damage to the levator ani muscle (LAM) with subsequent pelvic
floor dysfunction and there may be accompanying psychological problems. This study …

Background Sexual health is a multidimensional phenomenon constructed by personal,
social, and cultural factors but continues to be studied with a biomedical approach. During …

Background Perineal trauma involving the anal sphincter is an important complication of
vaginal delivery. Prediction of anal sphincter injuries may improve the prevention of anal …

Objectives To determine the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of obstetric anal sphincter injuries
(OASIS) using three‐dimensional (3D) endoanal ultrasound (EA‐US) and to compare …