The security reference architecture for blockchains: Toward a standardized model for studying vulnerabilities, threats, and defenses

I Homoliak, S Venugopalan… - … Surveys & Tutorials, 2020 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Blockchains are distributed systems, in which security is a critical factor for their success.
However, despite their increasing popularity and adoption, there is a lack of standardized …

Secure and privacy-preserving crowdsensing using smart contracts: Issues and solutions

AJ Perez, S Zeadally - Computer Science Review, 2022 - Elsevier
The advent of Blockchain and smart contracts is empowering many technologies and
systems to automate commerce and facilitate the exchange, tracking and the provision of …

Smartcheck: Static analysis of ethereum smart contracts

S Tikhomirov, E Voskresenskaya, I Ivanitskiy… - Proceedings of the 1st …, 2018 - dl.acm.org
Ethereum is a major blockchain-based platform for smart contracts-Turing complete
programs that are executed in a decentralized network and usually manipulate digital units …

Manticore: A user-friendly symbolic execution framework for binaries and smart contracts

M Mossberg, F Manzano, E Hennenfent… - 2019 34th IEEE/ACM …, 2019 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
An effective way to maximize code coverage in software tests is through dynamic symbolic
execution-a technique that uses constraint solving to systematically explore a program's …

Finding the greedy, prodigal, and suicidal contracts at scale

I Nikolić, A Kolluri, I Sergey, P Saxena… - Proceedings of the 34th …, 2018 - dl.acm.org
Smart contracts---stateful executable objects hosted on blockchains like Ethereum---carry
billions of dollars worth of coins and cannot be updated once deployed. We present a new …

Madmax: Surviving out-of-gas conditions in ethereum smart contracts

N Grech, M Kong, A Jurisevic, L Brent… - Proceedings of the …, 2018 - dl.acm.org
Ethereum is a distributed blockchain platform, serving as an ecosystem for smart contracts:
full-fledged inter-communicating programs that capture the transaction logic of an account …

Attacking the defi ecosystem with flash loans for fun and profit

K Qin, L Zhou, B Livshits, A Gervais - International conference on financial …, 2021 - Springer
Credit allows a lender to loan out surplus capital to a borrower. In the traditional economy,
credit bears the risk that the borrower may default on its debt, the lender hence requires …

Vandal: A scalable security analysis framework for smart contracts

L Brent, A Jurisevic, M Kong, E Liu, F Gauthier… - arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2018 - arxiv.org
The rise of modern blockchains has facilitated the emergence of smart contracts:
autonomous programs that live and run on the blockchain. Smart contracts have seen a …

Sereum: Protecting existing smart contracts against re-entrancy attacks

M Rodler, W Li, GO Karame, L Davi - arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.05934, 2018 - arxiv.org
Recently, a number of existing blockchain systems have witnessed major bugs and
vulnerabilities within smart contracts. Although the literature features a number of proposals …

Reguard: finding reentrancy bugs in smart contracts

C Liu, H Liu, Z Cao, Z Chen, B Chen… - Proceedings of the 40th …, 2018 - dl.acm.org
Smart contracts enabled a new way to perform cryptocurrency transactions over
blockchains. While this emerging technique introduces free-of-conflicts and transparency …