Tumor-associated myeloid cells have been implicated in regulating many of the “hallmarks
of cancer” and thus fostering solid tumor development and metastasis. However, the same …

Objective The objective of the review is to examine the role of innate and adaptive immune
cells in cancer. Introduction Immune system functions as a host defensive mechanism …

Interferon beta (IFN-β) has been shown in several clinical trials to have efficacy in MS. Its
mechanism of action, however, remains unclear. In this review, several biological activities …

Background: Asthma is generally regarded as a disease with strong TH2-type cytokine
expression, whereas in autoimmune disorders, such as coeliac disease (CD), insulin …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disease with increasing
incidence characterized by eczematous inflammation of the skin, a chronically relapsing …

Combined with TCR stimuli, extracellular cytokine signals initiate the differentiation of naive
CD 4+ T cells into specialized effector T‐helper (Th) and regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets …

We sought to determine whether the predominant orbital T helper (TH) cell subset in orbital
T cell clones established from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) might be related to …

Peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) is a rare but serious ocular condition that is an important
clinical entity due to its ophthalmological and systemic implications. It is characterized by …

Background Treatment of urinary schistosomiasis by chemotherapy remains challenging
due to rapid re-infection and possibly to limited susceptibility to praziquantel treatment …

The cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 are often coordinately produced by Th2 cells as in asthma.
However, it is unclear whether similar molecular mechanisms underlie transcription of the …