This introduction to the special issue on Multinationals in the Middle East first reviews the
historical growth and development of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the territory …

This paper analyzes the image of Israel, a country subject to continuous conflicts, and the
effect of a political event on its image. A measurement model is examined before and after a …

Purpose–In a constantly changing and increasingly globalised world, religions still play a
significant role in influencing social and consumer behavior. The purpose of this paper is to …

Grounded in cognitive-affective theories of emotion, an extended conceptual framework of
consumer animosity is developed that (1) distinguishes between consumers' cognitive …

Although a growing literature has investigated how animosity and consumer ethnocentrism
change customers' perceptions of foreign products in developed markets, research …

Purpose–The main purpose of this research is to empirically test how animosity, religiosity,
and ethnocentrism interact to affect judgment about US products and purchase action of …

In times of uncertainty, the study of consumer animosity and how it affects anti-consumption
behavior becomes more important for both academics and practitioners. This study focuses …

International crises often influence consumers to reject offerings associated with a hostile
country. While research has shown that negative emotions mediate the influence of …

Purpose–This research seeks to add to the body of research pertaining to animosity by
examining the additional roles of anticipated emotions and subjective norms on consumers' …

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine if brand passion shapes attitudinal brand
loyalty while driving a series of important brand-related outcomes (ie brand advocacy, social …