Aquatic species represent a vast diversity of metazoans, provide humans with the most
abundant animal protein source, and are of increasing conservation concern, yet landscape …

Headwaters, the sources of all stream networks, provide habitats that are unique from other
freshwater environments and are used by a specialised subset of aquatic species. The …

Genetic diversity is estimated to be declining faster than species diversity under escalating
threats, but its spatial distribution remains poorly documented at the global scale. Theory …

Populations of fishes are increasingly threatened by over‐exploitation, pollution, habitat
destruction, and climate change. In order to better understand the factors that can explain …

The role of climate as a speciation driver in the Amazon has long been discussed.
Phylogeographic studies have failed to recover synchronous demographic responses …

Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation is often implicated as driving the current global
extinction crisis, particularly in freshwater ecosystems. The genetic signal of recent …

Understanding how natural selection generates and maintains adaptive genetic diversity in
heterogeneous environments is key to predicting the evolutionary response of populations …

Intraspecific diversity informs the demographic and evolutionary histories of populations,
and should be a main conservation target. Although approaches exist for identifying relevant …

Dispersal and natural selection are key evolutionary processes shaping the distribution of
phenotypic and genetic diversity. For species inhabiting complex spatial environments …

Past shifts in connectivity in riverine environments (for example, sea-level changes) and the
properties of current drainages can act as drivers of genetic structure and demographic …