Opioids are used for pain management despite the side effects that contribute to the opioid
crisis. The pursuit of non-addictive opioid analgesics remains unattained due to the …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of human membrane proteins and
an important class of drug targets, play a role in maintaining numerous physiological …

Opioids are effective analgesics, but their use is beset by serious side effects, including
addiction and respiratory depression, which contribute to the ongoing opioid crisis. The …

Summary Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCAR2), modulated by endogenous ketone
body β-hydroxybutyrate and exogenous niacin, is a promising therapeutic target for …

Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) senses a spectrum of endogenous amine-
containing metabolites (EAMs) to mediate diverse psychological functions and is useful for …

The endothelin ET B receptor is a promiscuous G-protein coupled receptor that is activated
by vasoactive peptide endothelins. ET B signaling induces reactive astrocytes in the brain …

Cannabis activates the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), which elicits analgesic and emotion
regulation benefits, along with adverse effects, via G i and β-arrestin signaling pathways …

Piperine is a natural alkaloid that possesses a variety of therapeutic properties, including
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticarcinogenic activities. The present …

Background The emergence of novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) is contributing to the opioid
overdose crisis. While fentanyl analogs have historically dominated the NSO market, a shift …

The development of safe therapeutics to manage pain is of central interest for biomedical
applications. The fluorinated fentanyl derivative N-(3-fluoro-1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N …