Cytokines are critical in regulating immune responses and cellular behavior, playing dual
roles in both normal physiology and the pathology of diseases such as cancer. These …

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) belongs to a broad class of cytokines involved in the regulation of various
homeostatic and pathological processes. These activities range from regulating embryonic …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) influences tumor growth, metastatic spread and
response to treatment. Often immunosuppression, mediated by the TME, impairs a beneficial …

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are established as effective cancer therapies,
overcoming therapeutic resistance remains a critical challenge. Here we identify interleukin …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) target advanced malignancies with high efficacy but also
predispose patients to immune-related adverse events like immune-mediated colitis (IMC) …

Gut microbiota‐derived metabolites are key hubs connecting the gut microbiome and cancer
progression, primarily by remodeling the tumor microenvironment and regulating key …

Recent studies suggest that BRAF V600-mutated melanomas in particular respond to dual
anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically changed the management of
advanced cancers. Designed to enhance the antitumour immune response, they can also …

Historically, cancer research and therapy have focused on malignant cells and their tumor
microenvironment. However, the vascular, lymphatic and nervous systems establish long …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a unique niche governed by constant crosstalk within
and across all intratumoral cellular compartments. In particular, intratumoral high potassium …