The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shocked the world due to its persistence, COVID-
19-related morbidity and mortality, and the high mutability of the virus. One of the major …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are fundamental sensor molecules of the host innate immune
system, which detect conserved molecular signatures of a wide range of microbial …

The factors mediating fatal SARS-CoV-2 infections are poorly understood. Here, we show
that cigarette smoke causes a dose-dependent upregulation of angiotensin converting …

A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is still
elusive, and there is a need to address its deadly nature and to design effective …

Communication between infected cells and cells in the surrounding tissue is a determinant
of viral spread. However, it remains unclear how cells in close or distant proximity to an …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is the etiological agent of a
respiratory disease that has a 10% mortality rate. We previously showed that SARS-CoV …

The airway epithelium acts as a frontline defense against respiratory viruses, not only as a
physical barrier and through the mucociliary apparatus but also through its immunological …

The Long COVID/Post Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) group includes patients with
initial mild-to-moderate symptoms during the acute phase of the illness, in whom recovery is …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a recently emerged infectious disease caused
by a novel coronavirus, but its immunopathological mechanisms have not yet been fully …

Periodontal diseases are initiated by bacterial species living in polymicrobial biofilms at or
below the gingival margin and progress largely as a result of the inflammation elicited by …