Vaccines are the pharmaceutical products that offer the best cost‐benefit ratio in the pre‐-
vention or treatment of diseases. In that a vaccine is a pharmaceutical product, vaccine …

Objectives Mycobacterial adherence plays a major role in the establishment of infection
within the host. Adhesin-related proteins attach to host receptors and cell-surface …

Parasiticide fungi are considered an accurate, sustainable, and safe solution for the
biocontrol of animal gastrointestinal (GI) parasites. This research provides an initial …

Arthrobotrys oligospora is one of the most commonly studied fungi that can form abundant
traps to capture and consume nematodes at the parasitic stage. Three-dimensional …

This study used a comprehensive bioinformatic application to discover the functions of the
HP33 protein, which is responsible for the scale drop and muscle necrosis disease …

Cattle theileriosis is infamous for hampering the economic development of south, central
and east African countries due to the exorbitant numbers of cattle mortalities. The disease is …

It is reported that antigenicity of a unique hypothetical protein named HP33 of Vibrio harveyi
Y6 strain causes scale drop and muscle necrosis disease (SDMND) in Lates calcarifer. This …

Ostrich products have internationally become very popular with South Africa being the world
leader in this industry. An increase in the demand for ostrich products has influenced …

Mycoplasmas, the simplest self-replicating organisms known, are distinguished
phenotypically from other bacteria by their minute size and total lack of cell wall. The poultry …

For many years, the characterization and epidemiological surveillance of pathogenic
bacteria has been based on the use of conventional techniques and methodologies which …