Microalbuminuria is the earliest detectable clinical abnormality in diabetic glomerulopathy.
On a molecular level, metabolic pathways activated by hyperglycemia, glycated proteins …

Rationale & Objective Epidemiologic and clinical studies have suggested that urate-
lowering therapy may slow the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However …

Diabetic nephropathy involves a renal inflammatory response induced by the diabetic
milieu. Macrophages accumulate in diabetic kidneys in association with the local …

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are an assorted group of molecules formed
through covalent bonds between a reduced sugar and a free amino group of proteins, lipids …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients
and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Degenerative changes such as …

Although debated for many years whether haemodynamic or structural changes are more
important in the development of diabetic nephropathy, it is now clear that these processes …

Kidney disease associated with diabetes mellitus is a major health problem worldwide.
Although established therapeutic strategies, such as appropriate blood glucose control …

Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with
excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (1, 2). Anemia is common among those …

Significance: Innate and adaptive immunity play fundamental roles in the development of
hypertension and its complications. As effectors of the cell-mediated immune response …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an enduring condition that leads to inflammation and affects a
substantial number of individuals with diabetes worldwide. A gradual reduction in …