Severe iodine deficiency during development results in maternal and fetal hypothyroidism
and associated serious adverse health effects, including cretinism and growth retardation …

Background: Extensive clinical and experimental research documents the potential for
chemical disruption of thyroid hormone (TH) signaling through multiple molecular targets …

This guideline has been produced as the official statement of the European Thyroid
Association guideline committee. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in pregnancy is defined …

Background: Severe iodine deficiency in pregnancy has major effects on child
neurodevelopment, but less is known about the potential consequences of mild-to-moderate …

Background Mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency, particularly in pregnancy, is prevalent; this
is of concern because observational studies have shown negative associations with child …

Background Although the detrimental effects of severe iodine deficiency are well
recognised, the benefits of correcting mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency are uncertain …

Background Vitamins and minerals are essential for growth and metabolism. The World
Health Organization estimates that more than 2 billion people are deficient in key vitamins …

Context Adequate iodine intake is essential throughout life. Key dietary sources are iodized
salt and animal products, but dietary patterns in Europe are changing, for example toward …

Background: Studies indicate that mild to moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy may
have a long-term negative impact on child neurodevelopment. These effects are likely …

Current knowledge about the relationship between mild to moderately inadequate maternal
iodine intake and/or supplemental iodine on child neurodevelopment is sparse. Using …