The function of antibodies (Abs) involves specific binding to antigens (Ags) and activation of
other components of the immune system to fight pathogens. The six hypervariable loops …

Recent technological advances in glycobiology and glycochemistry are paving the way for a
new era in carbohydrate vaccine design. This is enabling greater efficiency in the …

The Camelidae is the only taxonomic family known to possess functional heavy-chain
antibodies, lacking light chains. We report here the 2.5 Å resolution crystal structure of a …

There are now several crystal structures of antibody Fab fragments complexed to their
protein antigens. These include Fab complexes with lysozyme, two Fab complexes with …

Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are ubiquitous in the human population (> 90% of adults
are seropositive) but have never been implicated as the cause of any disease. They were …

It has long been suggested that the overall shape of the antigen combining site (ACS) of
antibodies is correlated with the nature of the antigen. For example, deep pockets are …

An atomic force microscope (AFM) has been used to directly monitor specific interactions
between antibodies and antigens employed in an immunoassay system. Results were …

We have combined PCR mutagenesis with in vitro transcription/translation and ELISA for the
rapid generation and characterization of antibody mutants. The PCR products are used …

The antigenicity of proteins resides in different types of antigenic determinants known as
continuous and discontinuous epitopes, cryptotopes, neotopes, and mimotopes. All epitopes …

The murine mAb CB4-1 raised against p24 (HIV-1) recognizes a linear epitope of the HIV-1
capsid protein. Additionally, CB4-1 exhibits cross-reactive binding to epitope-homologous …