Although many convincing, diverse, and sometimes competing models of glacier surging
have been proposed, the observed behavior of surging glaciers does not fit into distinct …

Meltwater is produced on the surface of glaciers and ice sheets when the seasonal energy
forcing warms the snow to its melting temperature. This meltwater percolates into the snow …

Ice rheology governs how glaciers flow and respond to environmental change. The rheology
of glacier ice evolves in response to a variety of mechanisms, including damage, heating …

The flux of grounded ice from the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) primarily occurs through narrow,
fast-flowing outlet glaciers and ice streams. Shearing generates heat in the lateral glacier …

Drag at the bed and along the lateral margins are the primary forces resisting flow in outlet
glaciers. Simultaneously inferring these parameters is challenging since basal drag and ice …

Abstract 25 thousand years ago, the European Alps were covered by the kilometre-thick
Alpine Ice Field. Numerical modelling of this glaciation has been challenged by model-data …

The margins of fast‐moving ice streams are characterized by steep velocity gradients. Some
of these gradients cannot be explained by a temperature‐dependent viscosity alone …

Results of ice-stream models that treat temperate ice deformation as a two-phase flow are
sensitive to the ice permeability. We have constructed and begun using a custom, falling …

Uncertainty associated with ice sheet motion plagues sea level rise predictions. Much of this
uncertainty arises from imperfect representations of physical processes including basal slip …

Snow densification stores water in alpine regions and transforms snow into ice on the
surface of glaciers. Despite its importance in determining snow-water equivalent and glacier …