Avian models of West Nile virus (WNV) disease have become pivotal in the study of infection
pathogenesis and transmission, despite the intrinsic constraints that represents this type of …

Reported human cases of West Nile virus (WNV) in Europe increased dramatically in 2018.
Lineage 1 strains had been circulating in Euro-Mediterranean countries since the early …

A specific concept of strain was developed in order to classify the BTV serotypes ever
reported in Europe based on their properties of animal health impact: the genotype …

Wild birds play an important role as reservoir hosts and vectors for zoonotic arboviruses and
foster their spread. Usutu virus (USUV) has been circulating endemically in Germany since …

West Nile Virus, Usutu virus, Bagaza virus, Israel turkey encephalitis virus and Tembusu
virus currently constitute the five flaviviruses transmitted by mosquito bites with a marked …

West Nile virus (WNV) is a globally distributed arthropod-borne flavivirus capable of infecting
a wide variety of vertebrates, with birds as its natural reservoir. Although it had been …

The emerging disease W est N ile fever is caused by W est N ile virus (WNV), one of the
most widespread arboviruses. This study represents the first test of the vectorial competence …

West Nile (WNV) and Usutu (USUV) viruses are mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Thanks to their
importance as zoonotic diseases, a regional plan for surveillance of Arboviruses was …

The impact on human and horse health of West Nile fever (WNF) recently and dramatically
increased in Europe and neighboring countries. Involving several mosquito and wild bird …

Birds are the main natural host of West Nile virus (WNV), the worldwide most distributed
mosquito-borne flavivirus, but humans and equids can also be sporadic hosts. Many avian …