Most of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are covered with firn—the transitional
material between snow and glacial ice. Firn is vital for understanding ice-sheet mass …

Snow, as an important component of the cryosphere, holds a crucial role in the construction
of polar infrastructure. However, the current research on the mechanical properties of snow …

Most of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are covered with firn—the transitional
material between snow and glacial ice. Firn is vital for understanding ice-sheet mass …

The recent influx of remote sensing data provides new opportunities for quantifying
spatiotemporal variations in glacier surface velocity and elevation fields. Here, we introduce …

Firn compaction models inform mass-balance estimates and paleo-climate reconstructions,
but current models introduce key uncertainties. For example, models disagree on the …

A coupled treatment of transport processes, phase changes and mechanical settling is the
core of any detailed snowpack model. A key concept underlying the majority of these models …

Converting measurements of ice-sheet surface elevation change to mass change requires
measurements of accumulation and knowledge of the evolution of the density profile in the …

We present continuous estimates of snow and firn density, layer depth and accumulation
from a multi-channel, multi-offset, ground-penetrating radar traverse. Our method uses the …

Very few studies have emphasized the effects of high-pressure sintering on snow density
evolution, even though snow as a type of engineering material is widely used in construction …

The net rate of snow accumulation b is predicted to increase over large areas of the Antarctic
and Greenland ice sheets as the climate warms. Models disagree on how this will affect the …