Credit card fraud has become an increasing problem due to the growing reliance on
electronic payment systems and technological advances that have improved fraud …

Quantum computing is described as a process by which a system calculates output.
Quantum physics usually refers to the smallest discrete unit of any property; the basic unit of …

Car accidents have serious consequences, including depletion of resources, harm to human
health and well-being, and social problems. The three primary factors contributing to car …

Face detection systems are based on the assumption that each individual has a unique face
structure and that computerized face matching is possible using facial symmetry. Face …

Machine learning (ML) is a key component within the broader field of artificial intelligence
(AI) that employs statistical methods to empower computers with the ability to learn and …

Statistical learning theory serves as the foundational bedrock of Machine learning (ML),
which in turn represents the backbone of artificial intelligence, ushering in innovative …

Iris identification is a well‐known technology used to detect striking biometric identification
techniques for recognizing human beings based on physical behavior. The texture of the iris …

Fraud of credit cards is a major issue for financial organizations and individuals. As
fraudulent actions become more complex, a demand for better fraud detection systems is …

Diabetic retinopathy is an eye disease in diabetic patients due to damage to the small blood
vessels in the retina due to high and low blood sugar levels. Accurate detection and …

Recent years have seen a rise in the popularity of smartphones as smart mobile devices
offering traditional services like voice calls, SMSs, multimedia services, office applications …