The natural history of COVID‐19 caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 is extremely variable, ranging
from asymptomatic or mild infection, mainly in children, to multi‐organ failure, eventually …

The complement system was discovered at the end of the 19th century as a heat-labile
plasma component that “complemented” the antibodies in killing microbes, hence the name …

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 enters into the human body mainly through the ACE2+
TMPRSS2+ nasal epithelial cells. The initial host response to this pathogen occurs in a …

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a widespread vaginal infection primarily caused by
Candida albicans. VVC affects up to 75% of women of childbearing age once in their life …

The COVID-19 pandemic has strengthened the interest in the biological mechanisms
underlying the complex interplay between infectious agents and the human host. The …

Pathogens have always been a major cause of human mortality, so they impose strong
selective pressure on the human genome. Data from population genetic studies, including …

Innate immunity is the earliest response to invading microbes and acts to contain infection in
the first minutes to hours of challenge. Unlike adaptive immunity that relies upon clonal …

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection among women of
childbearing age. This condition is notorious for causing severe complications related to the …

Hendra virus and Nipah virus are highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses that have recently
emerged from flying foxes to cause serious disease outbreaks in humans and livestock in …

Complement is a major component of innate immune system involved in defending against
all the foreign pathogens through complement fragments that participate in opsonization …