Endogenous biological clocks, orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, time the
circadian rhythms that synchronize physiological and behavioural functions in humans. The …

Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) causes severe patient burden despite
pharmacological management. Exercise and training are therefore advocated as important …

A clinical practice guideline on Parkinson disease was developed by an American Physical
Therapy Association volunteer guideline development group that consisted of physical …

Disruptions of circadian rhythms and sleep cycles are common among neurodegenerative
diseases and can occur at multiple levels. Accumulating evidence reveals a bidirectional …

Background Physical exercise is effective in managing Parkinson's disease (PD), but the
relative benefit of different exercise types remains unclear. Objectives To compare the …

Background The glymphatic clearance pathway is a waste clearance system that allows for
removal of soluble proteins such as amyloid β (Aβ) from the brain. Higher Aβ levels are …

Although dopamine replacement therapy remains a core component of Parkinson's disease
treatment, the onset of motor fluctuations and dyskinetic movements might require a range of …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an alpha-synucleinopathy that leads to prominent motor
symptoms including tremor, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Nonmotor symptoms …

Excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress (OS) are triggering factors
in the onset of chronic diseases. One of the factors that can ensure health in humans is …

Sleep disturbances are among the most common nonmotor complications of Parkinson's
disease (PD), can present in prodromal stages, and progress with advancing disease. In …