Running economy (RE) is considered an important physiological measure for endurance
athletes, especially distance runners. This review considers 1) how RE is defined and …

Codon optimization describes gene engineering approaches that use synonymous codon
changes to increase protein production. Applications for codon optimization include …

The application of molecular techniques to exercise biology has provided novel insight into
the complexity and breadth of intracellular signaling networks involved in response to …

In this overview, human morphological and functional adaptations during naturally and
artificially induced heat adaptation are explored. Through discussions of adaptation theory …

Introduction We repeated our study of intensified training on a ketogenic low-carbohydrate
(CHO), high-fat diet (LCHF) in world-class endurance athletes, with further investigation of a …

The aim of the present study was to examine trends in participation, performance, age and
nationality during a~ 50-years period in the largest dataset ever studied in the “New York …

Despite their young age, limited training history, and lack of running tradition compared with
other East African endurance athletes (eg, Kenyans and Ethiopians), male endurance …

Purpose The objectives of this study were to describe the distribution of all runners'
performances in the largest marathons worldwide and to determine which environmental …

Physique traits of a range of elite athletes have been identified; however, few detailed
investigations of Olympic combat sports (judo, wrestling, taekwondo and boxing) exist. This …

Since the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, Kenyan and Ethiopian runners have dominated the
middle-and longdistance events in athletics and have exhibited comparable dominance in …