New tools for monitoring and manipulating neural activity have been developed with steadily
improving functionality, specificity, and reliability, which are critical both for mapping neural …

Abstract Infrared (IR) neuromodulation (INM) is an emerging light-based neuromodulation
approach that can reversibly control neuronal and muscular activities through the transient …

Objective. Infrared neural inhibition (INI) is a method of blocking the generation or
propagation of neural action potentials through laser heating with wavelengths strongly …

The left and right occipital arteries provide blood supply to afferent cell bodies in the
ipsilateral nodose and petrosal ganglia. This supply is free of an effective blood-ganglion …

Infrared neural stimulation (INS) emerges as a promising tool for stimulating the nervous
system by its high spatial precision and absence of the use of exogenous agents into the …

Objectives Small-diameter afferent axons carry various sensory signals that are critical for
vital physiological conditions but sometimes contribute to pathologies. Infrared (IR) neural …

Small-diameter axons (eg, unmyelinated C fibers) are commonly afferent axons that carry
critical sensory signals. Selective inhibition of dysfunctional small-diameter axons can be …