This book will be an excellent primer for policy makers wishing to understand the nature and
contradictory significance of the underground economy and needing to design suitably …

This paper offers estimations of the evolution of the shadow economy in three
Mediterranean countries, namely France, Spain and Greece. A multiple indicators and …

Uncovering how cash-in-hand economies are composed of not only the underground sector
(work akin to formal employment conducted for profit-motivated purposes), but also a hidden …

There has recently been a revival of international interest in measuring the size of the
shadow economy. The current study adopts an approach to the Spanish case that is based …

Current research links the shadow economy (SE) and the unemployment rate either
indirectly or by means of a preliminary estimate. This article establishes and empirically …

The aim of this paper is to analyze the shadow economy in the Spanish Autonomous
Communities. In so doing, we employ the Currency Demand Approach to analyze the 1987 …

We review existing estimates of the size of the Spanish underground economy, apply the
Ahumada et al.(Rev Income Wealth 53 (2): 363–371, 2007) correction procedure to some of …

The main aim of this paper is to estimate the size of the underground economy in Ghana
during the period 1983–2003. There is no agreement on the appropriate estimation …

The method of 'excess sensitivity'of Bajada (1999, 2000, 2001) indicates a large
underground economy in Australia, with estimates of unrecorded income approximately 15 …

This paper offers estimations for the Portuguese path of the Non‐Observed Economy (NOE),
in the period 1970–2015, through two seminal approaches: monetary method and the …