While occupants are evacuating from the fire scene, firefighters are entering life-threatening
environments, exposed to hot and toxic fire smoke and risks of structural failures or …

Large outdoor fires such as wildfires, wildland urban interface (WUI) fires, urban fires, and
informal settlement fires have received increased attention in recent years. In order to …

Emergency evacuation is regarded as the most important disaster response action for
protecting human life from potentially lethal threats. Despite growing research aimed at …

During a fire evacuation, long lateral evacuation distances, large crowds waiting for
evacuation at the same level, and easily panicked populations are common. This research …

Informal settlements (ISs) are a high-risk environment in which fires are often seen. In 2019
alone, 5544 IS fires were reported in South Africa. One of the main problems, when …

The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical factors affecting fire accidents in high-rise
residential buildings in the Emirate of Sharjah in order to find solutions that contribute to …

Informal settlements and settlements of displaced communities (eg, humanitarian
settlements) provide crucial shelter for people, including those negatively impacted by …

Using the system dynamics simulation software Vensim PLE, we built a model to simulate
the development of resilient human settlement in Changsha. This model includes five …

The specific risk assessment of informal settlements (IS) is important for the management of
IS and protection of environmental safety and public health. In this paper, we introduced the …

Fire hazards have become increasingly widespread in urban settings. Despite numerous
fatalities and injuries, there is a dearth of information in Bangladesh about public …