Emotions arise from activations of specialized neuronal populations in several parts of the
cerebral cortex, notably the anterior cingulate, insula, ventromedial prefrontal, and …

The inadequacy of a categorial approach to mental health diagnosis is now well-recognised,
with many authors, diagnostic manuals and funding bodies advocating a dimensional, trans …

Supported by recent human neuroimaging studies, the insula is re-emerging as an important
brain area not only in the physiological understanding of the brain, but also in pathological …

Many decisions must be made under stress, and many decision situations elicit stress
responses themselves. Thus, stress and decision making are intricately connected, not only …

Preferences for different combinations of costs and benefits are a key source of variability in
economic decision-making. However, the neurochemical basis of individual differences in …

The insula is a complex structure involved in a wide range of functions. Tracing studies on
nonhuman primates reveal a wide array of cortical connections in the frontal (orbitofrontal …

Years of research have shown that stress influences cognition. Most of this research has
focused on how stress affects memory and the hippocampus. However, stress also affects …

Psychopaths commit a disproportionate amount of violent crime, and this places a
substantial economic and emotional burden on society. Elucidation of the neural correlates …

Approach-avoidance conflict is an important psychological concept that has been used
extensively to better understand cognition and emotion. This review focuses on neural …

Decision-making is a crucial skill that has a central role in everyday life and is necessary for
adaptation to the environment and autonomy. It is the ability to choose between two or more …