Bringing precision to the understanding and treatment of mental disorders requires
instruments for studying clinically relevant individual differences. One promising approach is …

A stable and neutral mood (euthymia) is commended by both economic and clinical
perspectives, because it enables rational decisions and avoids mental illnesses. Here we …

Objective measures of animal emotion-like and mood-like states are essential for preclinical
studies of affective disorders and for assessing the welfare of laboratory and other animals …

Effort-based decisions, in which people weigh potential future rewards against effort costs
required to achieve those rewards involve both cognitive and physical effort, though the …

Deciding on a course of action requires both an accurate estimation of option values and the
right amount of effort invested in deliberation to reach sufficient confidence in the final …

Abstract Background and Hypothesis Social motivation, defined as the fundamental human
desire to seek out, engage in, and maintain interpersonal bonds, has become a growing …

Reduced reward interest/learning and reward-to-effort valuation are distinct, common
symptoms in neuropsychiatric disorders for which chronic stress is a major aetiological …

Mood effects on economic choice seem blatantly irrational, but might rise from mechanisms
adapted to natural environments. We have proposed a theory in which mood helps adapting …

Background Anhedonia and amotivation are symptoms of many different mental health
disorders that are frequently associated with functional disability, but it is not clear whether …

Although mental effort is a frequently used term, it is poorly defined and understood.
Consequently, its usage is frequently loose and potentially misleading. In neuroscience …