The role of redox molecules, such as NO and ROS, as key mediators of immunity has
recently garnered renewed interest and appreciation. To regulate immune responses, these …

In the recent past the standard treatment of kala‐azar involved the use of pentavalent
antimonials Sb (V). Because of progressive rise in treatment failure to Sb (V) was limited its …

Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–modified T cells have shown great success in the
treatment of B cell malignancies, this approach has limited efficacy in patients with solid …

Human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis, presents an
exaggerated Th1 response that is associated with ulcer development. Macrophages are the …

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious parasitic disease causing considerable mortality
and major disability in the Indian subcontinent. It is most neglected tropical disease …

The in vitro susceptibilities of the reference strain Leishmania donovani MHOM/ET/67/L82 to
sodium stibogluconate, amphotericin B, miltefosine, and the experimental compound PX …

Leishmania has a plastic genome, and drug pressure can select for gene copy number
variation (CNV). CNVs can apply either to whole chromosomes, leading to aneuploidy, or to …

Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease with significant health impact. The
current treatments are poor, and there is an urgent need to develop new drugs. Primary …

The current treatments for visceral leishmaniasis are old and toxic with limited routes of
administration. The emergence of drug-resistant Leishmania threatens the efficacy of the …

New drugs are needed to control leishmaniasis and efforts are currently on-going to counter
the neglect of this disease. We discuss here the utility and the impact of associating drug …