The review summarizes current trends and developments in the polymerization of alkylene
oxides in the last two decades since 1995, with a particular focus on the most important …

The safety and efficacy of protein therapeutics are limited by three interrelated
pharmaceutical issues, in vitro and in vivo instability, immunogenicity and shorter half-lives …

The field of drug delivery is fast expanding and its potentials have already been proved by
the many products in the market. Among all approaches, polymer conjugation is a well …

Conjugation of macromolecules to polyethylene glycol (PEG) has emerged recently as an
effective strategy to alter the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of a variety of drugs, and thereby …

Creating bioconjugates by combining polymers with peptides and proteins is an emerging
multidisciplinary field of research that has enjoyed increased attention within the scientific …

PEGylation is a versatile drug delivery technique that presents a particularly wide range of
conjugation chemistry and polymer structure. The conjugated protein can be tuned to …

Abstract Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a cytokine, which plays an important role in many chronic
inflammatory diseases. IL‐6 belongs to a family of 10 cytokines, which all act via receptor …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is an inflammatory cytokine that has important roles in various
immune responses, which are mediated through its two receptors, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) …

Electronic interactions at the nanoscale represent one of the fundamental problems of
nanotechnology. Excitons and plasmons are the two most typical excited states of …

In the recent decades, polymers are widely used as biomaterials due to their favorable
properties such as good biocompatibility, easy design and preparation, a variety of …