Development of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity is an intricate process involving both concurrent
as well as sequential events determining the direction of the pathways, degree of liver injury …

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a type of hepatic injury caused by an
uncommon drug adverse reaction that can develop to conditions spanning from …

Summary Background Drug patch tests (PTs) can reproduce delayed hypersensitivity to
drugs and entail a moderate re‐exposure of patients to offending drugs. Objectives To …

Idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions are unpredictable, dose-independent and potentially
life threatening; this makes them a major factor contributing to the cost and uncertainty of …

Recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of bile formation and
cholestasis have led to new insights into the pathogenesis of drug‐induced cholestasis. This …

The nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug diclofenac causes rare but significant cases of
serious hepatotoxicity, typically with a delayed onset (> 1–3 months). Because there is no …

Idiosyncratic drug reactions may be defined as adverse effects that cannot be explained by
the known mechanisms of action of the offending agent, do not occur at any dose in most …

Clinical characteristics and circumstantial evidence suggest that idiosyncratic drug reactions
are caused by reactive metabolites and are immune-mediated; however, there are few …

A number of therapeutic drugs with different structures and mechanisms of action have been
reported to undergo metabolic activation by Phase I or Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes …

Antirheumatic agents are among commonly used drugs associated with adverse hepatic
reactions. Sulfasalazine and azathioprine are among the most important causes of acute …