Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, recurrent infections that can be mild to life-
threatening. The continued emergence of antibiotic resistance, together with our increasing …

Illness as the result of ingesting bacterially contaminated foodstuffs represents a significant
annual loss of human quality of life and economic impact globally. Significant research …

Tissues and organs provide the structural and biochemical landscapes upon which
microbial pathogens and commensals function to regulate health and disease. While flat two …

Evolving under the constant exposure to an abundance of diverse microbial life, the human
body has developed many ways of defining the boundaries between self and non-self. Many …

Escherichia coli can commonly be found, either as a commensal, probiotic or a pathogen, in
the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Biofilm formation and its regulation is surprisingly …

Gram-negative bacteria express a wide variety of organelles on their cell surface. These
surface structures may be the end products of secretion systems, such as the hair-like fibers …

Chaperone–usher pathway pili are a widespread family of extracellular, Gram-negative
bacterial fibers with important roles in bacterial pathogenesis. Type 1 pili are important …

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections, affecting 150
million people each year worldwide. High recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial …

The immunoglobulin (Ig) protein domain is widespread in nature having a well-recognized
role in proteins of the immune system. In this review, we describe the proteins containing Ig …

Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), which cause urinary tract infections (UTI), utilize type 1 pili, a
chaperone usher pathway (CUP) pilus, to cause UTI and colonize the gut. The pilus rod …