This study analyzes the physics characteristics of the flame plume temperature, induced by a
ceiling jet and their coupling with an extraction flow. As it is knows, the maximum increase in …

A series of burning experiments were conducted in a model-scale mechanical ventilation
tunnel to study the characteristics of smoke layer thickness and plug-holing with multiple …

Hydrogen-blended natural gas has a winged used in such thermal and combustible
systems, the ceiling thermal characteristics have important parameters of impinging jet …

A series of experiments were carried out in a model-scale tunnel [72 m (length)× 1.5 m
(width)× 1.3 m (height)] to investigate the buoyant flow stratification behaviors in a tunnel fire …

This paper investigates experimentally the thermal buoyant smoke back-layering flow length
beneath the tunnel ceiling with combination ceiling extraction and longitudinal ventilation …

The underground interconnected infrastructures are under development in the metropolitan
areas, and simultaneously, also raise many safety issues, especially with regards to the …

Reduced scale experiments in a branched tunnel were carried out to study the variation of
the maximum gas excess temperature beneath the ceiling and temperature profile under …

A series of experiments were carried out in a small-scale model tunnel with dimensions of
13 m (Length)∗ 0.32 m (Width)∗ 0.48 m (Height) to investigate the fire-induced temperature …

The high-altitude environment, with reduced atmospheric pressure, low air and oxygen
density as well as low temperature, significantly affects the characteristics of the tunnel fire …

Tunnel fire is an important topic considering tunnel safety design and regulations, a process
in which the high smoke temperature under the ceiling is the key parameter. This paper …