Phenotypic differences among individuals can arise during any stage of life. Although
several distinct processes underlying individual differences have been defined and studied …

Costs of migration, in terms of time, energy, and mortality risk, have a strong theoretical and
empirical foundation in the study of birds. We expect these costs to be most severe for …

The term 'carryover effect'originally arose from repeated measures clinical experiments.
However, the term has more recently been applied to ecological and evolutionary studies …

With many of the world's migratory bird populations in alarming decline, broad‐scale
assessments of responses to migratory hazards may prove crucial to successful …

Long-distance migratory organisms are under strong selection to migrate quickly. Stopovers
demand more time than flying and are used by individuals to refuel during migration, but the …

Arctic wildlife is often presented as being highly at risk in the face of current climate warming.
We use the long-term (up to 24 years) monitoring records available on Bylot Island in the …

Migratory species can experience limiting factors at different locations and during different
periods of their annual cycle. In migratory birds, these factors may even occur in different …

This paper proposes and studies the dynamics of a Holling-type II predator–prey interaction
system that incorporates the following three components:(1) a prey refuge;(2) predation fear …

For birds, unpredictable environments during the energetically stressful times of moulting
and breeding are expected to have negative fitness effects. Detecting those effects however …

Life of many organisms flows as a sequence of annual cycles. Timing of cyclical events is
shaped by natural selection also via the domino effects that any life history stage has on the …