Activation of glial cells and neuro–glial interactions are emerging as key mechanisms
underlying chronic pain. Accumulating evidence has implicated 3 types of glial cells in the …

Chronic pain resulting from nerve injury, tissue inflammation, and tumor invasion or
treatment, is a major health problem impacting the quality of life and producing a significant …

In contrast to physiological pain, pathological pain is not dependent on the presence of
tissue‐damaging stimuli. One type of pathological pain–neuropathic pain–is often a …

Accumulating evidence suggests that microglial cells in the spinal cord play an important
role in the development of neuropathic pain. However, it remains largely unknown how glia …

Spinal glial reaction and proinflammatory cytokine induction play an important role in the
development of chronic pain states after tissue and nerve injury. The present study …

In contrast to physiological pain, pathological pain is not dependent on the presence of
tissue‐damaging stimuli. One type of pathological pain—neuropathic pain—is often a …

The clinical science of migraine headache continues to evolve. Theories of the
pathophysiology of migraine have progressed from the early vascular basis of migraine to …

Peripheral nerve injury disrupts the normal functions of sensory and motor neurons by
damaging the integrity of axons and Schwann cells. In contrast to the central nervous …

The aim of this study was to investigate whether astroglia in the medullary dorsal horn
(trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis; Vc) may be involved in orofacial neuropathic pain …

Recent research has shown that microglial cells which are strongly activated in neuropathy
can influence development of allodynia and hyperalgesia. Here we demonstrated that …