Recent advances in molecular biology such as gene editing [1], bioelectric recording and
manipulation [2] and live cell microscopy using fluorescent reporters [3],[4]–especially with …

Alternative perspectives on the maintenance of biodiversity and the assembly of ecological
communities suggest that both processes cannot be investigated simultaneously. In this …

We summarize the original formulation of the free energy principle and highlight some
technical issues. We discuss how these issues affect related results involving generalised …

Active inference is a leading theory in neuroscience that provides a simple and neuro-
biologically plausible account of how action and perception are coupled in producing …

Cancer is a complex disease: its pathology cannot be properly understood in terms of
independent players—genes, proteins, molecular pathways, or their simple combinations …

Despite their spectacular progress, language models still struggle on complex reasoning
tasks, such as advanced mathematics. We consider a long-standing open problem in …

Brain dynamics depicts an extremely complex energy landscape that changes over time,
and its characterisation is a central unsolved problem in neuroscience. We approximate the …

The entropy generation has been widely used for evaluating irreversibility of transport
processes and optimize their performance. However, there still exist challenges against this …

A noisy stabilized Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation is analyzed by stochastic decomposition.
For values of the control parameter for which periodic stationary patterns exist, the dynamics …

Identifying the structural dependence between the cryptocurrencies and predicting market
trend are fundamental for effective portfolio management in cryptocurrency trading. In this …