Sleep problems and depression are both common and have a high impact on quality of life.
They are also strongly associated and commonly occur together. During the reproductive …

Despite widespread sex differences in prevalence and presentation of numerous illnesses
affecting the human brain, there has been little focus on the effect of endocrine ageing. Most …

Importance Millions of women worldwide use hormonal contraception. Despite the clinical
evidence of an influence of hormonal contraception on some women's mood, associations …

Estradiol is the “prototypic” sex hormone of women. Yet, women have another sex hormone,
which is often disregarded: Progesterone. The goal of this article is to provide a …

The menstrual cycle has attracted research interest ever since the 1930s. For many
researchers the menstrual cycle is an excellent model of ovarian steroid influence on …

Ovarian hormones are pivotal for the physiological maintenance of the brain function as well
as its response to environmental stimuli. There is mounting evidence attesting the relevance …

Traditionally sex hormones have been associated with reproductive and developmental
processes only. Since the 1950s we know that hormones can have organizational effects on …

Importance Oral contraceptives have been associated with an increased risk of subsequent
clinical depression in adolescents. However, the association of oral contraceptive use with …

Objective Ever since the introduction of combined oral contraception (COC), one of the
major reasons for discontinuing the pill use has been mood-related side effects. Moreover …

Women constitute half of the world's population, yet neuroscience research does not serve
the sexes equally. Fifty years of preclinical animal evidence documents the tightly-coupled …