Diabetic retinopathy is a vision-threatening disease affecting neurons and microvasculature
of the retina. The development of this disease is associated with the action of inflammatory …

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are primarily
derived from the embryonic yolk sac and make their way to the CNS during early …

Microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are brain-resident self-renewing
cells. Here, we examined the fate of microglia, BAMs, and recruited macrophages upon …

Unlike in the healthy mammalian retina, macrophages in retinal degenerative states are not
solely comprised of microglia but may include monocyte-derived recruits. Recent studies …

Microglial heterogeneity has been the topic of much discussion in the scientific community.
Elucidation of their plasticity and adaptability to disease states triggered early efforts to …

Microglia are the main resident immune cells of the nervous system and as such they are
involved in multiple roles ranging from tissue homeostasis to response to insults and circuit …

Microglia utilize their phagocytic activity to prune redundant synapses and refine neural
circuits during precise developmental periods. However, the neuronal signals that control …

Microglia play pivotal roles in controlling CNS functions in diverse physiological and
pathological contexts, including neuropathic pain, a chronic pain condition caused by …

Mϕ proliferation, differentiation, and survival are controlled by signals from the Mϕ CSF
receptor (CSF1R). Mono-allelic gain-of-function mutations in CSF1R in humans are …

Outer retinal degenerations, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are
characterized by photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy. In these …