Nearly 300 million t of phosphogypsum (PG) are produced every year as a byproduct from
phosphate fertilizer production worldwide. Approximately 58% of the PG are stacked, 28 …

Heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) containing Gd to Lu plus Y have a series of unique
physicochemical properties which endow them critical resources in many fields such as high …

The challenge towards modern technologies has been enquiring and culminating in the
continuously expanding use of rare earth elements (REEs). The non-renewable primary …

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) on a large scale is crucial for meeting the desired
climate commitments, where affordability plays a vital role. However, the expected surge in …

Critical metals are technologically vital to the functionality of various emerging technologies,
yet they have a potentially unstable supply. This condition calls for strategic planning based …

Rare earths elements (REE) are considered as strategic resources because they interact
with business and governments' direct policy interventions. Policy interventions can have a …

Renewable energy is a widely used term that describes certain types of energy production.
In politics, business and academia, renewable energy is often framed as the key solution to …

NdFeB permanent magnets have different life cycles, depending on the applications: from as
short as 2–3 years in consumer electronics to 20–30 years in wind turbines. The size of the …

Decarbonizing world economies implies the deployment of “green technologies”, meaning a
renovation of the energy sector towards using renewable sources and zero emission …

Global energy transitions could fundamentally change flows of both minerals and energy
resources over time. It is, therefore, increasingly important to holistically and dynamically …