Highlights•Sensing is critical to achieve optimal productivity and product quality.•Monitoring
biomass and substrate levels relates directly to productivity and quality.•A major challenge is …

Batch cultivation of recombinant bacteria in shake flasks typically results in low cell density
due to nutrient depletion. Previous studies on high cell density cultivation in shake flasks …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that is intrinsically resistant
to multiple antibiotics, causing severe and persistent infections in immunocompromised …

Real‐time estimation of physiological properties of the cell during recombinant protein
production would ensure enhanced process monitoring. In this study, we explored the …

Heparosan, an unsulfated polysaccharide, plays a pivotal role as a primary precursor in the
biosynthesis of heparin—an influential anticoagulant with diverse therapeutic applications …