The human microbiome constitutes a complex multikingdom community that symbiotically
interacts with the host across multiple body sites. Host-microbiome interactions impact …

The pharmaceutical industry has been desperately searching for efficient drug discovery
methods. Organ-on-a-Chip, a cutting-edge technology that can emulate the physiological …

Inhibitors of the PD-1–PD-L1 axis have been approved as therapy for many human cancers.
In spite of the evidence for their widespread clinical activity, little is known about the …

Simple Summary Cell cultures can be carried out in three dimensions (3D). Organoids and
spheroids are different 3D cell culture models that can be cultured with different techniques …

Tumor organoids have been proposed as a model system for precision medicine. The ability
of tumor organoids to retain characteristics of the original tumor makes them unique for …

Lung cancer shows substantial genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity across individuals,
driving a need for personalised medicine. Here, we report lung cancer organoids and …

Cellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly govern cancer
progression and drug response. The efficacy of clinical immunotherapies has fostered an …

Immune cells' metabolism influences their differentiation and function. Given that a complex
interplay of environmental factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME) can have a …

Abstract The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to pioneers in the
field of cancer immunotherapy, as the utility of leveraging a patient's coordinated and …

Tumor development and metastasis are facilitated by the complex interactions between
cancer cells and their microenvironment, which comprises stromal cells and extracellular …